Resumen
El análisis espectral de la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca (VFC) permite estudiar la interacción entre los mecanismos psicológicos y neurofisiológicos del estrés. Con este análisis, se obtienen las bandas de frecuencia baja (LF) y alta (HF), cuyos valores se representan con diferentes unidades. No obstante, hay inconsistencias en algunas de estas unidades en la evaluación del estrés. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la similitud de cinco unidades de la VFC en una evaluación psicofisiológica de dicho fenómeno. Participaron dos grupos de estudiantes universitarios de primer ingreso. La evaluación psicofisiológica se hizo bajo tres condiciones: línea base, estrés y recuperación. Se compararon las condiciones de línea base y estrés. Además, se realizaron correlaciones de Spearman y un análisis de componentes principales entre todas las unidades de la VFC. En la condición de estrés se observaron reducciones significativas en todas las unidades de HF en ambos grupos. Solo un grupo mostró diferencias significativas en todas las unidades de LF. Con el análisis de componentes principales y de correlación se corroboró la dependencia entre LF y HF en unidades normalizadas y relativas. El uso de estas dos unidades debería de considerarse con precaución en la evaluación del estrés.
Citas
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