Resumen
Investigación reciente señala que los comportamientos saludables de las personas dependen de múltiples factores, entre los que destacan los psicológicos. Esto es particularmente importante en el caso de personas con cáncer, ya que de dichas conductas se deriva parte de su evolución. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivos explorar la relación entre la resiliencia y el optimismo con los comportamientos saludables, e identificar las posibles diferencias de estas variables a partir del tiempo de diagnóstico en pacientes con cáncer. Para ello, participaron 196 pacientes (varones y mujeres) cuyo tiempo de diagnóstico fue variable, quienes respondieron de manera voluntaria, confidencial y anónima la Escala de Resiliencia, la Escala de Optimismo y el Índice de Comportamientos Saludables. Los resultados demuestran que la capacidad de alcanzar metas y organizarse, la confianza en el tratamiento, el apoyo familiar, la actitud positiva, la autoeficacia, la autoconfianza y la esperanza ayudaron al paciente a desarrollar hábitos saludables y a no caer en conductas de riesgo; asimismo, se observaron diferencias a partir del tiempo de diagnóstico en la fortaleza, el apoyo social, la actitud positiva, el control interno y las conductas de cuidado debido a las diferentes emociones que se experimentan en cada etapa, como depresión, incertidumbre o estrés.
Citas
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