Abstract
The ability to manage and maintain the hedonic experience of joy, named Gaudiebility by Padrós (2000), led to the development of a scale to assess this construct. The scale application to clinic populations offers interesting outputs about the functioning of strategies that maintain and prolong the experience of joy. Nevertheless, the scale's author pointed out the need for further analysis of the internal structure of the instrument due to several limitations. The present study conducted exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses with 476 participating psychology students. It also tested divergent and convergent reliability and analyzed the sensibility to detect the role of gaudiebility as a mediator of perceived stress in life satisfaction. The scale evolved from having one factor and 20 items to one with four factors of second order with 14 items.
References
Arias M., V. y Blázquez F., P. (2023). Asociaciones entre gaudibilidad y suceptibilidad al refuerzo inmediato y demorado. Revista de Psicología de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 12(31), 33-48.
Bryant, F.B. (1989). A four-factor model of perceived control: Avoiding, coping, obtaining, and savoring. Journal of Personality, 57, 773-797.
Bryant, F.B. y Veroff, J. (2007). Savoring: A new model of positive experience. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Carver, C.S., Scheier, M.F.y Segerstrom, S.C. (2010). Optimism. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(7), 879-889.
Chadwick, E.D., Jose, P.E. y Bryant, F.B. (2021). Styles of everyday savoring differentially predict well-being in adolescents over one month. Journal of Happiness Studies, 22, 803-824.
Cohen, S., Kamarck, T. y Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24(4), 385-396. Doi: 10.2307/2136404
Csikszentmihalhi, M. (2020). Finding flow: The psychology of engagement with everyday life. UK: Hachette.
Delgado G., G. y Mireles J., E.R. (2023). Salud mental y rendimiento académico en estudiantes de educación media superior en un entorno pospandémico. Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores. Año 10, Publicación 3. Doi: https://doi.org/10.46377/dilemas.v10i3.3589
Diener, E.D., Emmons, R.A., Larsen, R.J. y Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
Diener, E., Sapyta, J.J. y Suh, E. (1998). Subjective well-being is essential to well-being. Psychological Inquiry, 9(1), 33-37. Doi: 10.1207/s15327965pli0901_3
Enríquez S., I.R., García P., J.J., Vega H., B. y Luján J., C.B. (2023). Medición del bienestar psicológico mediante la utilización de Cuestionarios de Autorreporte. Una revisión sistemática. Psicología y Salud, 33(1), 209-216.
Hanley, A.W., Garland, E.L. y Tedeschi, R.G. (2017). Relating dispositional mindfulness, contemplative practice, and positive reappraisal with posttraumatic cognitive coping, stress, and growth. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 9(5), 526-536. Doi: 10.1037/tra0000208
Hayes, A.F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (2nd ed.). Paris: The Guilford Press.
Horn, J.L. (1965). A rationale and test for the number of factors in factoranalysis. Psychometrika, 30, 179-185.
Hu, L.T. y Bentler, P.M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1-55.
Joseph, D.L., Chan, M.Y., Heintzelman, S.J., Tay, L., Diener, E. y Scotney, V.S. (2020). The manipulation of affect: A meta-analysis of affect induction procedures. Psychological Bulletin, 146(4), 355.
Lazarus, R.S. y Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer.
Longman, R.S., Cota, A.A., Holden, R.R. y Fekken, G.C. (1989). A regression equation for the parallel analysis criterion in principal components analysis: Mean and 95th percentile eigenvalues. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 24, 59-69.
Madueño V., S.A. y Blázquez F., P. (2022). Gaudibilidad (moduladores del disfrute) y consumo riesgoso y perjudicial de alcohol en adolescentes. Revista Internacional de Investigación en Adicciones, 8(2), 18-24.
Nelson, D.L. y Simmons, B.L. (2003). Health psychology and work stress: A more positive approach. Handbook of Occupational Health Psychology, 2, 97-119.
Osborne, J.W. y Costello, A.B. (2009). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Pan-Pacific Management Review, 12(2), 131-146.
PadrósB., F. (2002). Disfrute y bienestar subjetivo. Un estudio psicométrico de la gaudibilidad. Tesis doctoral. Barcelona: Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona. Recuperado de http://ddd.uab.cat/record/38024
Padrós B., F. y Fernández C., J.A. (2008). Proposal to measure a modulator of the experience of enjoyment: The gaudiebility scale. Internacional Journal of Psychology andPsychological Therapy, 8(3), 413-430.
Padrós B., F., Herrera G., I. y Gudayol F., E. (2013). Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Gaudibilidad en una población mexicana. Revista Evaluar, 12(1), Doi: 10.35670/1667-4545.v12.n1
Padrós B., F. y Martínez M., M.P. (2009). Terapia de gaudibilidad en pacientes con depresión: descripción y aplicación de un protocolo breve. En Memorias del XXV Congreso Mundial de Prevención del Suicidio. Montevideo: International Association for Suicide Prevention (IASP) (p. 112).
Padrós B., F., Martínez M., M.P. y Graf G., A. (2014). Gaudiebility group therapy in depressed patients: a pilot study. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 14(1), 59-69.
Padrós B., F. y Martinez M., M.P., Guardia O., J. y Graff G., A. (2021). Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Gaudibilidad (Moduladores de Disfrute) para Niños y Adolescentes (EGNA). Anales de Psicología, 37(1), 69-76.
Padrós B., F., Medina M., M.P., Rico C., M. y Gallemí M., L.C. (2013). Nivel de gaudibilidad en pacientes con lesión en la médula espinal. Psicología y Salud, 23(1), 97-102.
Preacher, K.J. y Hayes, A.F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879-891.
Quoidbach, J., Berry, E.V., Hansenne, M. y Mikolajczak, M. (2010). Positive emotion regulation and well-being: Comparing the impact of eight savoring and dampening strategies. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(5), 368-373.
Remor, E. y Carrobles, J.A. (2001). Versión española de la Escala de Estrés Percibido (PSS-14): Estudio psicométrico en una muestra VIH+. Ansiedad y Estrés, 7(2-3), 195-201.
Rogowska, A.M., Kuśnierz, C. y Ochnik, D. (2021). Changes in stress, coping styles, and life satisfaction between the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal cross-lagged study in a sample of university students. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(17), 4025.
Sánchez T., D. y Robles B., M.A. (2017). La gaudibilidad y el bienestar subjetivo en la salud: una revisión sistemática. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología Positiva, 3(1), 11-23.
Schnettler, B., Miranda Z., E., Sánchez, M., Orellana, L., Lobos, G., Adasme B., C., ... y Hueche, C. (2021). Cross-cultural measurement invariance in the Satisfaction with Life Scale in Chilean and Spanish university students. Suma Psicológica, 28(2), 128-135.
Song, Y. y Han, J. (2009). Is enjoyment important? An empirical research on the impact of perceive enjoyment on adoption of new technology. Information Management, Innovation Management and Industrial Engineering, 2009 International Conference on, 4, 511-514). IEEE.
Sweetser Kyburz, P. (2020). GameFlow 2020: 15 years of a model of player enjoyment. En Proceedings of 32nd Australian Conference on Human-Computer-Interaction (OzCHI’20). ACM.
Tončić, M. y Anić, P. (2015). Everyday activities: beneficial effects of eudaimonic and hedonic motivation on subjective well-being. Current Psychology, 34(4), 644-653.
Valdés G., K.P., Sánchez L., L.M., Blázquez F., P., Delgadillo L., E.A. y Hermosillo T., A.E. (2023). Gaudibilidad y depresión en estudiantes universitarios de Coahuila. Revista de Psicología de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 12(31), 120-137.
Zúñiga J., O., Lara G., A.G., Pérez O., C. y Jiménez C., E.P. (2022). Satisfacción con la vida en universitarios del sur de México. Know and Share Psychology, 3(3), 103-118.