Abstract
Background: Survivors of Intensive Care Units (ICU) frequently experience cognitive impairment, and new or worsened mental health disorders after discharge. Thus, it is necessary to identify the evidence regarding the presence and prevalence of these psychosocial variables in this population that impact their quality of life after discharge. Objective: To identify the most prevalent psychosocial factors in people discharged from the ICU. Method: The search used MeSh and text Word terms, using the booleans "AND" and "NOT" in the PubMed and PsycINFO databases between October and December 2021. Results: 770 articles appeared, of which only 21 were included for review. Most people who stayed in the ICU for >7 days were men between the ages of 40 and 65 and admitted to the ICU primarily for cardiovascular disease. The most reported psychosocial variables are PTSD symptoms (13% to 19%), cognitive impairment (30.2% to 45.3%), anxiety symptoms (28% to 34%), and depression symptoms (24% to 33%), derived from staying in the ICU. Mechanical ventilation, enteral nutrition, prolonged stay, and admission to the ICU more than once, as well as comorbidities, being young, and being women, are risk factors for the presence of these variables in patients admitted to the ICU. Discussion and conclusions: The recommendations support the development of preventive psychotherapeutic interventions at discharge and hospital psychology programs, which mitigate the negative impact at the psychological level, taking into account the type of treatment they received and their social and economic resources.
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