Abstract
Although various studies report how treatment-related factors are essential predictors for relapse prevention during recovery from drug addiction, it is still necessary to investigate why some components grouped within this domain and not others lead an effective route that significantly increases the odds of remission in substance use disorders. Objective. This study aimed to analyze how the interrelationship of predictor variables grouped within the treatment domain influences or counteracts repeat users' return to drug use. A systematic review consulted databases such as EBSCO, Scopus, and Science Direct, covering a period from 2011 to 2020. After applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria established by the PICOS strategy, eight articles remained; 75% of the studies described randomized controlled designs, participant figures of more than a thousand users, longitudinal follow-up of more than 12 months, and multivariate statistical procedures. The main predictor variables identified were the quality of the 12-step self-help programs, participation in peer groups, group treatment formats, mindfulness, duration of treatment, and outpatient/residential services. The studies that showed greater consistency highlight the importance of committed participation in self-help groups and the quality of the activities proposed within the 12-step programs as critical components to prevent relapses during recovery from drug addiction.
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