Resumen
Objetivo. Explorar las características de las intervenciones implementadas para afrontar los procesos fisiológicos y psicosociales que atraviesan niños, adolescentes y jóvenes diagnosticados con diabetes tipo 1 (DT1). Método. Se efectuó una búsqueda en bases de datos en línea, de la cual se eligieron 45 artículos sobre programas de intervención en todo el mundo entre los años 2003 y 2021. Se encontró que aquellos incluyeron intervenciones, estudios piloto y protocolos con perspectivas terapéutica, psicológica, educativa y física, dirigidos tanto a cuidadores como a personas con DT1, y que se sustentaron en diversos modelos de salud y fueron reportados principalmente por educadores en diabetes, psicólogos y personal médico. Resultados. A pesar de que este padecimiento es una condición fisiológica, también posee componentes psicosociales, por lo que su tratamiento considera la salud mental, además del control metabólico. Discusión. De acuerdo con los hallazgos, las intervenciones centradas en la salud mental, la inclusión de los cuidadores, la diversidad de programas y modalidades de entrega, el involucramiento de equipos multidisciplinares y el riguroso diseño de los programas pueden modificar potencialmente los comportamientos de salud-enfermedad y disminuir las secuelas fisiopsicosociales de la DT1. Sin embargo, los programas evaluados y la investigación resultan insuficientes ante la incidencia de los casos que se presentan anualmente.
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